| Dred Scott decision | 1857 ruling that slaves remained property of their owners even in free states |
Emancipation Proclamation
| Abraham Lincoln’s proclamation that freed the slaves in the Confederacy |
Jim Crow Laws
| Racial segregation laws in the US South following in the Civil War |
Poll tax
| Charging a fee to vote in order to discourage voting (targeted southern blacks) |
Literacy tests
| Kept southern blacks from voting by requiring a high level of reading comprehension |
Brown verse the Board of Education
| 1954 case where segregation of the public schools was declared unconstitutional |
Affirmative action
| Giving preference to selected racial or gender groups in hiring and training |
Desegregation
| Eliminating laws that separated the races |
Integration
| Government programs designed to bring different races together in society |
Civil disobedience
| Challenging an unjust law by purposely and publicly breaking |