| incur | to bring on oneself |
| vitiate | weaken |
| efficacious | effective |
| importunity | persistent urgent demands |
| anemic | lacking vitality |
| elemental | most basic |
| contrivance | invention |
| oscillate | swing from side to side |
| impart | give |
| acute | sharp |
| enigma | perplexing |
| culminate | climax or end |
| atrocity | cruel action |
| vestige | sign |
| forethought | thinking ahread |